A Comprehensive Review on Plant Disease Vectors and Their Management

Plant disease vectors play a critical role in agricultural productivity and ecosystem health. This comprehensive review explores the intricate nature of these their transmitting major plant diseases, including those viral, bacterial, fungal origins. It delves into mechanisms underlying transmission, significant factors that influence vector efficiency. The socioeconomic ecological impacts are highlighted, with emphasis on crop yield reductions imbalances. Traditional emerging management methods, such as chemical control, biological cultural practices, genetic engineering, precision agriculture examined. also addresses challenges inherent to management, resistance development, non-target effects, environmental factors, barriers. Future perspectives offered, emphasizing need for sustainable strategies, exploitation technologies, enhanced surveillance, community involvement, policy support, preparation forthcoming due climate change, land-use alterations, global trade. extensive presents resource stakeholders guiding future research directions policy-making.